Post Washington Consensus Consensus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Post Washington Consensus - Essay Example essential social insurance, essential training, and foundation ;charge change (to bring down peripheral rates and widen the duty base);Interest rate progression ;a serious conversion scale ;exchange ;advancement of inflows of remote direct speculation ;privatization ;deregulation (to annul obstructions to passage and exit) and secure property rights. This privatization plan in quest for globalization has gone under analysis as (1) says, Some of the most vociferous of the present pundits of what they call the Washington Consensus, most noticeably Joe Stiglitz... try not to question such a great amount to the plan spread out above with regards to the neoliberalism that they decipher the term as suggesting. I obviously never planned my term to infer strategies like capital record liberalization...monetarism, flexibly side financial aspects, or a negligible state (getting the state out of government assistance arrangement and salary redistribution), which I consider as the quintessential ly neoliberal thoughts. Being developed writing it is inspected and acknowledged that The Washington accord rose out of a sort of counter response being developed financial matters (3) what exactly has been named as rather operationally fruitful neoliberal unrest against Keynesianism remedies of the 1970s.The Washington Consensus, appeared in huge and uncommonly manufactured Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) recommended for a generous part of the creating nations in the following long periods of 1980s and 1990s.It was the results of these SAPs that were not along expected lines and which brought about outside analysis of The Washington Consensus itself. Joseph Stiglitz a World Bank Economist was the most noticeable insider to offer analysis of the neoliberalism inalienable in The Washington Consensus and the assemblage of analysis is currently named as post Washington accord agreement (4) as in it concedes to downsides and powerless purposes of the agreement. This paper inspects the basic assemblage of contentions presented in this new agreement. 2.Post Washington Consensus (5) represent in detail the different results of the SAPs, in view of The Washington Consensus, which not missed the mark regarding mark in their prime target of accomplishing financial development through market deregulation yet additionally made other frail spots.Amin states that SAPs came about in , a sharp increment in joblessness, a fall in the compensation of work, an expansion in food reliance, a grave disintegration of the condition, a disintegration in medicinal services frameworks, a fall in admissions to instructive foundations, a decrease in the beneficial limit of numerous countries, the damage of fair frameworks, and the proceeded with development of outside obligation. This made Stiglitz pay special mind to a scholarly elective t financial development model. An elective which did not depend on sole accentuation on deregulations of all classes of business sectors to achieve monetary development targets. Stiglitz expounds on 'another worldview for monetary turn of events' (6).This thought of again accord showed up from Stiglitz when worldwide advancement money related organizations had experienced a significant arrangement move in the wake of having seen the Asian emergency and examined its reasons that were followed to deregulated

AIDS, Prison, and Preventative Medicine: :: HIV Jail Violence Rape Papers

Helps, Prison, and Preventative Medicine Prison invokes considerations of a dull and freak subculture, living in a tumultuous and ruinous condition out of the sight and brain of standard America. Hollywood has slanted our perspectives on detainees, painting them as an apparently hopeless subclass of people that are just additionally downsized and discouraged by jail lives loaded up with savagery and assault. Absolutely the life of a detainee is extreme, and savagery is definitely present in jail frameworks where posses oftentimes assume an unmistakable job in social association (Conover 2000). Be that as it may, misguided judgments with respect to jails are various, and such misinterpretations assume a significant job in how the AIDS issue in detainment facilities is seen. For instance, one of the most striking, if not far reaching misguided judgments encompassing detainment facilities are the narratives of constrained sexual movement and posse rapesâ€a see liable to lead a pariah to speculate that little should be possible to forestall transmission of HIV among detainees. Truly, this part of jail has been overdramatized and overemphasized, maybe as an intentional exertion to intensify the indicated discouraging impact that the danger of a jail sentence has on wrongdoing. Truth be told, Ted Conover reports in his direct record of the notorious Sing-Sing, one of New York's most disturbed greatest security penitentiaries, that while jail assault despite everything happens in New York and somewhere else, by a long shot the most widely recognized sort of jail sex, after the autoerotic, is positively consensual. He proceeds to state, I would even conjecture that, in any event at Sing, sex among officials and detainees is by and by more typical than coerc ive sex between prisoners (Conover 2000). Such a model is a prime motivation behind why jail authorities, government officials and the overall population the same need to concentrate not on the generalizations of jail conduct, official sets of accepted rules, and expected or even legitimate practices, yet rather what is really happening behind jail wallsâ€illegal or lawful, for better or in negative ways. In the event that assault isn't as across the board in jails as the normal moviegoer may be willing to believeâ€at the extremely least, it absolutely isn't a regular occurrenceâ€and detainees are not permitted to engage in sexual relations or use drugs, at that point would one be able to hope to see lower rates of AIDS in penitentiaries? NO! As Conover's announcement shows, a lot of what goes on in jail isn't assumed to occur. Detainees have intercourse with each otherâ€most frequently consensually, yet in certain cases forciblyâ€and even with monitors; they ingest medications, both infusing and non-infusing; they get tattoos; they take part in battles that regularly include the shedding of blood.

Blog Archive Friday Factoid The MIT Sloan Application Review Process

Blog Archive Friday Factoid The MIT Sloan Application Review Process What does the  MIT Sloan application review process entail? True to the rigorous analytic nature of the program’s curriculum, MIT applications are reviewed in a rigorous analytic fashion! When the school  receives an application, the candidate’s information is loaded into a database, and the application is printed. Rod Garcia, who has been MIT Sloan’s director of admissions for nearly 30 years, first reviews every application online and then distributes the applications randomly among the school’s admissions readersâ€"all of whom are either internal admissions staff members or contract readers. After picking up a batch of applications, readers review, score, and then return them one week later. The scores are entered into the database, and Garcia reviews these data to determine which candidates will be invited to interview. After the selected candidates have been interviewed, their applications are scored again, and the committee then decides which individuals to admit. Application scoring is based on nine attributes, which Sloan divides into two major groups: demonstrated success (e.g., GPA, GMAT score, work accomplishments) and leadership (e.g., high competency in creativity, relationship building, goal setting, influencing). Each attribute group is scored separately, and the two scores are added together. At mbaMission, we always tell candidates that MBA admissions is not a scienceâ€"yet at MIT Sloan, a little science actually  does  come into play. For more information on MIT Sloan and other leading MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) Blog Archive Friday Factoid The MIT Sloan Application Review Process What does the  MIT Sloan application review process entail? True to the rigorous analytic nature of its curriculumâ€"MIT applications are reviewed in a rigorous analytic fashion! When the admissions office receives an application, the candidate’s information is loaded into a database and the application is printed. Rod Garcia, who has been MIT Sloan’s admissions director for nearly 30 years, first reviews every application online, then distributes the applications randomly among the school’s admissions readers, all of whom are either internal admissions staff members or contract readers. After picking up a batch of applications, readers review, score, and then return them one week later. The scores are entered into the database, where Garcia reviews them to determine which candidates will be interviewed. After the selected candidates have been interviewed, their applications are scored again, and the committee then decides which individuals to admit. Application scoring is based on nine attributes, which Sloan divides into two major groups: demonstrated success (e.g., GPA, GMAT, work accomplishments) and leadership (e.g., high competency in creativity, relationship building, goal setting, influencing). Each attribute group is scored separately, and the two scores are added together. At mbaMission, we always tell candidates that MBA admissions is not a scienceâ€"yet at MIT Sloan, a little science comes into play after all. For more information on MIT Sloan or 15 other leading MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan) Blog Archive Friday Factoid The MIT Sloan Application Review Process What does the  MIT Sloan application review process entail? True to the rigorous analytic nature of the program’s curriculum, MIT applications are reviewed in a rigorous analytic fashion! When the school  receives an application, the candidate’s information is loaded into a database, and the application is printed. Rod Garcia, who has been MIT Sloan’s director of admissions for nearly 30 years, first reviews every application online and then distributes the applications randomly among the school’s admissions readersâ€"all of whom are either internal admissions staff members or contract readers. After picking up a batch of applications, readers review, score, and then return them one week later. The scores are entered into the database, and Garcia reviews these data to determine which candidates will be invited to interview. After the selected candidates have been interviewed, their applications are scored again, and the committee then decides which individuals to admit. Application scoring is based on nine attributes, which Sloan divides into two major groups: demonstrated success (e.g., GPA, GMAT score, work accomplishments) and leadership (e.g., high competency in creativity, relationship building, goal setting, influencing). Each attribute group is scored separately, and the two scores are added together. At mbaMission, we always tell candidates that MBA admissions is not a scienceâ€"yet at MIT Sloan, a little science actually does comes into play. For more information on MIT Sloan and other leading MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Sloan)

A Brief Note On The Volcanic Rock Rhyolite - 1109 Words

Though that sounds simple, geysers are extremely rare. As of August 2008, the total of active geysers on earth numbered approximately 1000. Conditions must be just right for geysers to occur. Three components must be present for geysers to exist: a combining supply of water, an intense source of heat, and immense plumbing system. Water is common in nature, heat can come from volcanic activity. Geysers scientists and geologists have identified the volcanic rock rhyolite as being particularly effective for the conditions of this hot spring . Rhyolite is high in silica, which can produce a compacted seal along the walls of the geyser plumbing. Most Geyser proximities are found in rhyolite or similar silica-laden rocks. The mixture of water,†¦show more content†¦While that might seem like a long way down, magma underneath a geyser field is actually relatively close to the Earth s surface. There are different reasons why the magma is so close to the Earth s surface, though many g eyser fields are located on the edges of the Earth s tectonic plates. These plates, which compose the Earth s lithosphere, are constantly in motion, creating major inadequacies and generating tremendous energy (Oxford New World Dictionary). This activity can cause earthquakes and volcanoes, and it can also create heat sources for geysers. The process begins as water migrates to the geyser s plumbing system through a variety of crevices in the ground. Since the plumbing system is miles deep, the water at the bottom of the geyser s plumbing is under incredible pressure from the water above it. If more pressure pushes down on the water, water needs more and more energy (in the form of heat) to overcome that pressure and start pushing bubbles to the surface. This explains why water inside a pressure cooker can reach temperatures of more than 125 degrees Celsius (257 degrees Fahrenheit), while the boiling point of water at standard pressure is only 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahren heit). The massive pressures placed on water are what you could probably refer to as a Geyser s own functional plumbing system. Water in such a system can reach incredibly high temperatures (and store incredible

Free Online TOEFL Study Guides

Taking the TOEFL is a necessary step for any student not educated in the United States who wishes to study at a North American university. It is also increasingly required from other educational institutions throughout the world as well as a desired or mandatory job qualification. While it is true that the TOEFL is an extremely difficult test there are a number of resources to help students prepare for the test. Luckily the Internet has an ever-expanding treasure trove of study materials. Most of these areas require registration and payment however a number of the sites do offer some free services. If you are interested in taking the TOEFL it will probably be necessary to purchase some of these services. This guide shows you a number of the free services available on the Internet. By using this feature you can get an excellent head-start on your studies without paying a dime. What Is the TOEFL? Before beginning to study for the TOEFL it is a good idea to understand the philosophy and purpose behind this standardized test. Here is an excellent detailed description of the Internet-based test. What Can I Expect From TOEFL? There are a number of resources available to help you discover exactly what grammar listening and reading skills will be expected on the TOEFL. One of the most thorough of these resources is Testwise.Com  which explains each type of question in terms of the grammar or skill required to answer that type of question successfully. Now that you have a good idea of what the test is, what is to be expected, AND what strategies are needed you can begin to practice taking various sections of the test. To help you do just that (for FREE) follow the following links to these  practice tests  and exercises: TOEFL Grammar / StructurePractice TOEFL tests grammar through whats known as the structure sentence. This section includes multiple choice questions which test your understanding of how to put together a sentence.   TOEFL Grammar Practice 1 TOEFL Grammar Practice 2 Exam English Structure Tests Structure Practice Tests  from TestMagic Five Sets of Practice Questions for Section II  at Free ESL.com by Chris Yukna  Practice Section II TOEFL Vocabulary Practice The vocabulary section focuses on understanding synonyms and antonyms, as well as the ability to use a word in the right context.   TOEFL Vocabulary Practice 400 Must Have Words for TOEFL   TOEFL Reading Practice The reading section asks you to read fairly long sections of text that might be found in a textbook or scholarly article. Comprehension of the relationships between ideas and sequencing events is key in this section.   Reading practice tests  from TestMagic by  Chris Yukna  Practice Section II: Boston   Practice: Fuels TOEFL  based on an article in Wired Magazine by Chris Yukna. TOEFL Listening Practice TOEFL listening selections are often based on lectures in a university setting. As in reading, its important to practice listening long selections (3 - 5) minutes of university lectures or similar listening setting.   Exam English Listening Practice Tests How Do I Approach the TOEFL? One of the most important skills to acquire before taking the test is not a language skill. It is TOEFL test taking strategy. To get up to speed on test taking, this  guide to taking tests  can help you understand  general test taking preparation. The TOEFL, like all standardized American tests, has a very particular structure and typical traps for you to fall into. By understanding these traps and structures you can go a long way to improving your score. The writing section of the TOEFL requires that you write an essay based on a set topic. Testmagic.com has a wonderful  selection of sample essays  discussing common mistakes and giving examples of essays with various scores to show you the range expected on the essay. Practicing the TOEFL Obviously, you will need to do a lot more studying (and probably invest a good bit of money) to do well on the TOEFL. But hopefully, this guide to free TOEFL resources will help you begin to understand what to expect when taking the TOEFL.

Explication Of The Raven By Edgar Allan Poe - 1102 Words

Holly Hecox Perdue English Composition II 28 February 2016 Explication: â€Å"The Raven† by Edgar Allan Poe Through the use of an un-named narrator in his poem entitled â€Å"The Raven†, Poe darkly conveys feeling understood by many: hopelessness, lost love, and death. The poem follows the un-named narrator, as he reflects on, as well as struggles with, the realization of his lost love, Lenore. Like many, he tries to detract his overwhelming feelings for Lenore by investing his time in studying books. Despite his greatest efforts, he is unsuccessful. Much to his surprise, his solitude is interrupted by an unanticipated visitor. Throughout the poem, Poe uses imagery, tone, symbolism, and rhyme as a means of conveying his overall themes of undying devotion and lingering grief. Around midnight on a â€Å"bleak December† night, a â€Å"weak and weary† man is reading while â€Å"nearly napping†. He reads as a means of nullifying the sorrow he feels â€Å"for the lost Lenore†. Suddenly, he is jolted alert by some visitor tapping at his chamber door. The lonely man tells himself â€Å" ‘Tis some visitor† â€Å"and nothing more†, but as he widely opens his chamber door, he finds â€Å"darkness there and nothing more†. Staring into the darkness, the narrator dreams about the impossibilities of his lost love, and even whispers her name; ‘Lenore’. Upon returning to his chamber, a stronger tapping, at the window, is catching his attention. Courageously exploring the noise, he is amused and relieved when a raven flies in fromShow MoreRelatedEssay on Collection of Poems by Various Authors3882 Words   |  16 PagesBiography, Edgar Allan Poe The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe Mamie by Carl Sandburg Explication, Mamie by Carl Sandburg Two Strangers Breakfast by Carl Sandburg Mag by Carl Sandburg Explications of Two Strangers Breakfast and Mag by Carl Sandburg Reasons Why by Langston Hughes Explication of Reasons Why by Langston Hughes The Faces of Our Youth by Franklin Delano Roosevelt Enjoyment, Explication, The Faces of Our Youth by Franklin Delano Roosevelt Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe Read MoreThe Raven And Ulalume By Edgar Allan Poe3442 Words   |  14 Pagesand Repetition Discussed in Edgar Allan Poe’s The Raven and Ulalume Were I called on to define the term ‘Art,’ Poe once wrote, I should call it ‘the reproduction of what the Senses perceive in Nature through the veil of the Soul.’ The intense grief that is felt after losing a loved one can often result in despair and irrationality, but in some of Poe’s poetry it has resulted in the severe mental collapse of the narrator. In The Raven and Ulalume by Edgar Allan Poe, the adverse effects followingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Raven 1813 Words   |  8 PagesThose that have read â€Å"The Raven† may not fully understand what the young man in the poem is feeling and may question why does he do these things. Have a better understanding of the character’s feelings and what he must have gone through. He closes himself off from others and gains a fascinating raven that flies into his home. Some believe the reason why his is sad and lonely is because he self-torments. Though in reality the young man only mis ses his beloved so greatly that he can’t help but feelRead More A Deconstructive Glance at Edgar Allan Poes The City in the Sea2445 Words   |  10 PagesA Deconstructive Glance at Edgar Allan Poes The City in the Sea Always mesmerizing, Edgar Allan Poes poems range from deep and depressing to dark and grotesque. Certainly this is true of his poem â€Å"The City in the Sea,† which is dark in tone and ambiguous meaning. What does it mean, and where did Poe come up with his concept? There are many possible answers to this question, and interpretations include the phallic and yonic symbols of Freudian theory and the idea of biblical cities as

Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Essay Example For Students

Should Cigarette Smoking Be Banned Essay Everyday 3,000 children start smoking, most them between the ages of 10 and 18. These kids account for 90 percent of all new smokers. In fact, 90 percent of all adult smokers said that they first started smoking as teenagers. These statistics clearly show that young people are the prime target in the tobacco wars. Smokers say they need to smoke because it makes them feel good and more relaxed. It helps to concentrate more and feel at ease. Or, they may just need to smoke because it’s so addicting. Despite these statements, the advantages and disadvantages just dont compare. One of the largest health disputes right now and for a prolonged period of time, has been smoking. No one seems to be doing much about the issue and the people that dont care the most and should, are the smokers. The smokers are the one’s who need to know how bad it really is. It seems the non-smokers are the people who oppose against this topic because they are affected by it too. Passive smoke, or second hand affects the non-smokers too. Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 chemicals, including 200 known poisons. Every time someone smokes, poisons such as benzene, formaldehyde and carbon monoxide are released into the air, which means that not only is the smoker inhaling them but so is everyone else around him. Many studies now show that this secondhand smoke can have harmful effects on nonsmokers and even cause them to develop diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease. Secondhand smoke has an especially bad effect on infants and children whose parents smoke. A number of studies show that in their first two years of life, babies of parents who smoke at home have a much higher rate of lung diseases such as bronchitis and pneumonia than babies with nonsmoking parents. Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, causing more than 400,000 deaths each year and resulting in an annual cost of more than $50 billion in direct medical costs. Each year, smoking kills more people than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders, suicides, and fires combined! Nationally, smoking results in more than 5 million years of potential life lost each year. Approximately 80% of adult smokers started smoking before the age of 18. Every day, nearly 3,000 young people under the age of 18 become regular smokers. More than 5 million children living today will die prematurely because of a decision they will make as adolescents—the decision to smoke cigarettes. Nicotine is a very addictive drug. For some people, it can be as addictive as heroin or cocaine. Within seconds of taking a puff of smoke, nicotine travels to the brain. It tells the brain to release chemicals that make you want to smoke more. Quitting is hard. Usually people make 2 to 3 tries, or more, before finally being able to quit. Studies have shown that each time you try to quit, you will be stronger and will have learned more about what helps and what hurts. Anyone can quit smoking. It does not matter about age, health, or lifestyle. The decision to quit and your success are greatly influenced by how much you want to stop smoking. How do we stop the future of America from smoking? Here are three things that the experts recommend. Try to convince the children that smoking is not cool. Talk to these kids at a young age about the dangers of smoking. Identify family members who smoke and ask them to stop. .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 , .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .postImageUrl , .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 , .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898:hover , .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898:visited , .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898:active { border:0!important; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898:active , .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898 .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3a591e134a41a4340d9567f92c0ea898:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Volunteer Paper EssayChildren are the most valuable commodities we are given in life. We need to try and educate them while they’re young to be independent thinkers and to not be swayed by the tobacco companies who are trying to take advantage of their mind and body.

Regret Debut Singles and Good Attitude free essay sample

Regret Everyone has had to deal with some form of regret. It is impossible to go through life without making a wrong decision or saying something they wish they hadnt. These mistakes remind us that we are human and we cannot do everything right all the time. However, there are some things that you can do to resolve and even avoid some regrets. When being faced with a difficult decision, it is a good idea to take some time to think it over. Devise a plan, sleep on it, or talk it over with some friends. This way there is very little chance to regret the decision you make.For instance, you decide on career and go to college. You get good grades and graduate. After you start working in your field, you realize that this is not what you want to do for the rest of your life, and you have Just wasted a lot of time and money. We will write a custom essay sample on Regret: Debut Singles and Good Attitude or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By considering your decision, you have a better chance of making a choice you can live with. Make your decision and let it go. Afterwards, do not question yourself. Trust in your own ability. For example, you want to buy a house, although you are not sure what to do. Before you buy, do the appropriate research so you can make an Informed decision and not regret It later on.Accept the outcome whatever the consequences are. No matter what happens, deal with it and let it go. If the love of your life tells you that your relationship Is not working out and leaves you, accept it. You can try to figure out what went wrong, but do not dwell on it too long. Assess some of your regrets and try to resolve as many as possible. Lets say you had a fight with your best friend and you said some things you wish you could take back. Swallow your pride and try to rectify the situation. This way you can alleviate some guilt. Instead of focusing on the negative, try to have a positive outlook.Suppose a loved one passed away and you feel you did not spend enough time with them. Instead of concentrating on what you should have done, try to remember the things you did do together. It Is natural to grieve, but try not to let It get the better of you. Try to have a good attitude. Your teacher gives you an assignment that you do not understand; you complete It and receive a bad grade. Do not think of yourself as an Idiot that cannot do anything right. Start from scratch, talk to your teacher and try to revise your strategy. By having a good attitude, maybe you can find a new way to approach a difficult situation.Appreciate all the good things you have. Regret Is an appalling waste of energy; you cant build on It; It Is only good for wallowing In. (Katherine Mansfield) Life Is short, so leave the past In the past, and try to enjoy It as best as you can. Immersing yourself In regret can only hinder you. Regret: Debut Singles and Good Attitude By Khan without making a wrong decision or saying something they wish they hadnt. These appropriate research so you can make an informed decision and not regret it later deal with it and let it go. If the love of your life tells you that your relationship is not irking out and leaves you, accept it.You can try to figure out what went wrong, but remember the things you did do together. It is natural to grieve, but try not to let it assignment that you do not understand; you complete it and receive a bad grade. Do not think of yourself as an idiot that cannot do anything right. Start from scratch, talk you have. Regret is an appalling waste of energy; you cant build on it; it is only good for wallowing in. (Katherine Mansfield) Life is short, so leave the past in the past, and try to enjoy it as best as you can. Immersing yourself in regret can only hinder you.

Free Grant Program Informative Essay

Free Grant Program Informative Essay gains hence compromising the implementation of the project. The areas of concern as far as the implementation of the project is concerned would entail both the design and implementation stages of the project. The aim of the project team is to deploy the right personnel and capabilities to respond to disasters. The facility, therefore, must be built according to a design that withstands any possible threats of disasters. Its construction must be strong and comply with the envisaged tasks. Another area of concern is the expenditure of the facility construction. The funds must be used for the intended purpose. In case the funds are insufficient, other sources must be sought to finalize it. The issue of financing hence must be planned as a top priority, so as to avoid any impediments due to lack of funds. Coordination of all the stakeholders involved is another issue of concern Such a project involves versatile and numerous participants from the design team to suppliers and the end users. Without appropriate coordination, some challenges may arise. The Contractor is, therefore, to be aware of the possible challenges and be prepared to deal with the respective problems adequately. The management must be organized to work on the proper execution of the tasks. Duties should be delegated adequately, with a set of reports made to the person in charge. All those on the site should report to the project Architect who, in turn, would liaise with the other professionals and coordinate the scope and pace of the project works (Ireland, 2006). The Architect then reports to the General Officer in charge for record keeping and any required action. By so doing, any deviations likely to be encountered would be easily resolved since there is a proper channel of communication established. Other sources of funding must, however, be availed or planned for cases of contingencies Such sources can be obtained from non-governmental organizations who may appreciate the crucial role played in the project. These bodies can give their aids towards the construction or renovation of the facility and hence provide an alternative source of funds. Such organizations can be local or international, as long as they are prepared and willing to assist. Borrowing should also be considered as another option should the other sources prove to be unviable. These sources can be obtained from lending institutions at appropriate lending rates. Bodies like the World Bank, IMF can also lend for the funding of the facility. When borrowing, it is necessary to be careful with the terms so that only favorable terms and conditions are accepted. From the foregoing, no doubt, the center plays a vital role, since it aids in the management of disasters hence saves lives and property. The construction of the facility must be planned well and executed properly so as to meet the minimum threshold, in terms of its capability to withstand any threats regarding security or natural calamities. This is important because the facility is required to be in an acceptable working condition since the time when disasters might strike is unknown to anybody. Contingence plans must be organized, as well, so that in case of any change of plans, the project implementation remains on the course. Moreover, this would help avoid putting lives at risk whenever a disaster strikes. Therefore, appropriate plans must be designed to ensure that the project is implemented successfully and is in accordance with the determined objectives.

Juvenile Justice System in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Juvenile Justice System in the USA - Essay Example This will help in developing best methods of dealing with the resistance process and in creating screening tools for a good decision and for risk management. Â  The main purpose is to evaluate the best rehabilitation and therapeutic methods that we can employ to help the juvenile criminals successfully rejoin the society without repeating the criminal acts. The rehabilitation program put in place in conjunction with therapeutic methods will address the main cause of juveniles indulging in criminal activities. This will involve management of drug and substance abuse regarding the minor in question, giving jobs to the juvenile criminal, providing housing for those with no family to house them, and training them to acquire necessary skills that will enable them to get jobs. In addition to these, the juvenile criminal has presented a chance to interact with peers and family members. Â  This study will examine minors in disorderly behavior over a period of three years with cases in court. The study will involve a sample of 1,119 male lawbreakers who are minors. We will use a growth mixture model and create five groups whose characteristics as age, rebellious history, origin, felonious father, substance use, psychosocial development, and culture. The persistent group is 8.7% while the desisted group is 14.6% of the sample. Some characteristics of rebellious acts will be assessed from the report of many offenders; this means that the groups of offers who desist and those who continue need further concern on what factors really lead to this. During the study, the juvenile criminals will be placed into groups and a set of characteristics on each studied.

Introduction to mass communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Introduction to mass communication - Essay Example However with the passage of time, it exponentially increased to such proportions that now it is a very huge entity and one can be sure that its benefits will easily outweigh the disadvantages that are found within its auspices. Internet is a force that will change the face of this earth in the next decade or so and hence efforts are underway to extract the best possible mileage from the aegis of Internet. This paper discusses the basis of Internet as it has been playing an important role since the historic times. It has also touched upon the pertinent role within the time and age of today whilst keeping the pros and cons in due perspective. What the world of Internet has brought to the fore is the chance for the people to understand what lies within their vicinity and what they can expect from the technological manifestations, if only they are ready to get up and ask for a change. This change is the one that will be a positive one, and create a sense of success within their lives. The Internet is a huge force that is waiting to be unleashed. One can safely state that it has still not reached to a point where it can be remarked as the revealed one, yet much remains to be seen and explored within its midst. Internet is indeed a magical tool which has changed the lives of millions worldwide. There is just so much happening within its folds that man becomes much dumfounded whenever he finds out something totally new. The element of creativity and innovation seems to exist in a number of different ways and there is reason enough to justify this very logic. Internet is indeed a giant today than it used to be when it was laun ched in the yesteryears. Some 10 years back no one knew that Internet would develop into such a huge force, which could easily change the viewpoints of the people yet this has happened today, for the betterment of all and sundry. The digital age has had a number of positives since the Internet has brought

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Manager Performance

Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Manager Performance The impact of emotional intelligence on managers’ performance: Evidence from hospitals located in Tehran ABSTRACT Context: Most of the studies show that emotional intelligence (EI) is an important factor for effective leadership and team performance in organizations. Aims: This research paper aims to provide an exploratory analysis of EI in the hospitals managers located in Tehran, and examine its relation to their performance. Settings and Design: The present research was an analytical and cross-sectional study. Setting of the study was hospitals located in Tehran, Iran. Subjects and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study from a matched sample of 120 managers and 360 subordinates in hospitals located in Tehran. Cyberia shrink EI measure was used for assessing the EI of the participants. Moreover, a management performance Questionnaire is specifically developed for the present study. The total of 480 questionnaires analyzed throughout Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests in SPSS. Results: The findings suggested a poor EI among hospital managers. As for EI subscales, social skills and self-motivation were in the highest and lowest levels respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that EI increases with experience. The results also showed there is no significant relationship between the components of EI and the performance of hospital managers. Conclusions: Present research indicated that higher levels of EI did not necessarily lead to better performance in hospital managers. Key words: Emotional intelligence, hospital managers, performance INTRODUCTION Emotional intelligence (EI) is the ability to identify, appraise, and handle one’s emotions.[1] Goleman and Sutherland[2] define EI as the ability to motivate oneself and persist in the face of frustration; to control impulses and delay gratification; to regulate one’s moods and keep distress from swapping the ability to think; to emphasize and to hope. As such Bar On,[3] defines EI as being concerned with understanding oneself and others, in relation with people and coping with the immediate surroundings in order to be more successful in dealing with environmental demands. Weisinger[4] sees EI as the intelligent use of feelings or making one’s emotions work to one’s advantage by using them to help guide behavior and thinking in beneficial ways. In this study, EI were defined as set of skills that contribute to the accurate appraisal and expression of emotion in oneself and in others, the impressive regulation of emotion, and the utilization of feelings to plan, persuade, and achieve in life.[5] Many studies have been conducted about EI that addressed both its concept and its measurement.[6] Some researchers believe in an ability model of EI,[5] while others claim that EI consists of both cognitive ability and personality aspects.[2,3] The ability model perceives EI as a form of pure intelligence, that is, EI is a cognitive ability. Salovey and Mayer’s model of EI is measured using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso EI test, a performance measure which requires the participant to complete tasks associated with EI.[7] In contrast, the mix models of EI either emphasize how cognitive and personality factors influence general well-being[3] or focus on how cognitive and personality factors determine workplace success.[2] Bar On’s model is measured by using the emotion quotient inventory and Goleman’s model is measured by using the emotional competency inventory, the EI appraisal,[8] and the Work Profile Questionnaire.[9] Put it in perspective, research has shown that EI is an important factor in the workplace.[10-14] Researchers argue that EI is a critically important competency for effective leadership and team performance in organizations.[14-16] Some theorists claim that EI of managers can affect work output,[10,11] although evidence for this is not sufficient more.[17,18] EI has been reported to be positively associated with job satisfaction.[14] EI employees will be more capable of controlling their perception of the environment in which they work.[14] Leaders who are high on EI will be better able to take advantage of and use their positive moods and emotions to envision major improvements in their organizations’ functioning. They are also likely to have knowledge about the fact that their positive moods may cause them to be overly optimistic. Moreover, job performance is the aggregated value to the organization of the behavioral episodes performed by individuals over time that have posi tive or negative consequences for the organization.[19] Managers high on EI can foster their employees’ creativity through interaction with them and via the creation of a work climate supportive of creativity.[20,21] In addition, managers high on EI can create positive interactions between employees that leads to better cooperation,[22] coordination[23] and organizational behavior.[8,14] Furthermore managers high on EI help their employees in creating a good working climate and also reliable relationship with the customers.[24] Given the discussion above, EI plays a significant role in the manager-employee relationship and their performance. Though, the effects of EI on managers’ performance have not been assessed more in healthcare context. Considering the differences of the hospital environment in compare with other organizations, this study provides good evidence, with assessing the effect of EI on managers’ performance in hospitals environment for decision makers in health sector. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The present research was an analytical and cross-sectional study which were done in hospitals affiliated to three medical universities in Tehran (Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences and Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences). For selecting the samples in this study, only managers who had a minimum of three subordinates were included. Finally 120 top, middle, and lower level managers of the hospitals were selected. Moreover, 360 individuals participated in this study to appraise performance of the managers; in that each three individuals evaluated the performance of their direct manager. Overall, 480 questionnaires were completed by the participants and data were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), version 16. This study was approved by Iran University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee. Participants in this study were informed that participating in this study is voluntary; which means if they don’t like to answer some questions they are free not to answer them and their biography will be treated as confidential and will not be disclosed. Furthermore participants provided informed consent for publication of this work. In this study, we followed Goleman’s model and examines five aspects of EI: self-awareness (the ability to recognize and understand personal moods and emotions, and their influence on postpone judgment and to think before acting), self-motivation (a passion to work for internal reasons that go beyond money and status), social awareness (the ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people), and social skills (the ability to manage relationships and build networks, and to find common ground and build rapport).[2] For this, Cyberia shrink EI questionnaire was used for assessing the EI of the participants. This questionnaire measures five subscales, namely self-awareness (seven items), self-regulation (four items), self-motivation (four items), empathy or social awareness (five items), and social skills (five items). [2] Moreover a management performance (MP) Questionnaire was specifically developed for the present study, which measures four major subscales: planning (8 items), organization (12 items), leadership (18 items), and control (12 items). Reliability and validity tests were conducted on Farsi version of the EI questionnaire and MP questionnaire with multivariate measure. To assess the acceptance of the questionnaires, 10 people involved at least 10 years in the field of academic managerial practice were invited to participate I order to revising parts of the questionnaires. At the end, all participants expressed high agreement to the appropriateness of the questionnaires. The questionnaires finalized after modifying some questions accordingly. Furthermore Cronbach’s alpha measured for the tools. The results showed that Cronbach’s alpha of Farsi version of EI questionnaire for all dimensions was as 0.89, and for MP questionnaire was as 0.88, which indicates strong reliability for our survey instruments. RESULTS Data showed 92 (76.6%) of samples were male and 28 (23.4%) were female. Participants’ age ranged from 23 to 57 (the majority of the managers belonged to the 40–50 years group) and the average age was 43.45 (standard deviation [SD] = 7.51). 45% of the managers had been >10 years of experience (mean = 14.24, SD = 7.14). The results show performance of male managers in public hospitals (mean 36 Â ± 13) was better that those in private hospitals (mean 35 Â ± 23). On the other hand, the performance of female managers in private hospitals (mean 38 Â ± 16) was significantly better that those in public hospitals (mean 36 Â ± 17). Emotional intelligence subscales scores of managers show that social skills have the highest rank and self-motivation has the lowest rank. In general, the EI score of hospital managers in this study was 56% [Table 1]. Moreover, there is no significant difference between the EI of men and women. Based on the result of this research, hospital managers in higher levels have a higher level of EI. Tough in some subscales of EI such as social awareness and social skills, middle managers have the highest score [Table 2]. The results of this study also showed, there is no significant relationship between education and the level of EI. However, this relationship is significant in social awareness. Moreover, the EI of the managers increased with experience, but this did not apply to all subscales of EI; as such in social awareness. Based on the results, a correlation was observed between the EI of hospital managers and their performance, although this correlation was not significant in any subscale of EI [Table 3]. DISCUSSION This study tried to assess the level EI of managers in hospitals located in Tehran and examine the relationship between the EI of hospital managers and the level of their performances. The result of this research shows there is a relation between EI of managers and their performances. However this relationship is not statistically significant. Most researches has shown that EI is positively associated with interview outcomes,[25] management analytical,[26] issues,[27] team working,[28] conceptual tasks[27] and (behavioral, job and employees) performance.[29-31] Studies have also depicted that emotional perception facilitates performance. Day and Carroll[17] showed that emotional perception was correlated with performance on a cognitive decision-making task. Newcombe and Ashkanasy[32] also showed evocation of positive expressed emotion through facial display has a significant and strong impact on follower and affect, the quality of the perceived leader-member relationship, which in turn with the result of present study. Langhorn[33] determined key areas of profit performance were correlated with the EI pattern of the general manager. Lyons and Schneider[34] examined the relationship of ability-based EI facets with performance under stress. They found that certain dimensions of EI were related to more challenge and enhanced performance. Hayashi and Ewert[35] reported a positive relationship between EI and successful leadership. Furthermore, Eicher[36] describe EI as a suitable basis in developing the staff’s executive programs. Offermann et al.[37] determined although both cognitive ability and emotional competence (intelligence) predict performance, cognitive ability accounts for more variance on individual tasks, whereas emotional competence accounts for more variance in team performance and attitudes. As such our study shows, performance of managers is multi-dimensional variable which can be affected by other factors like organizational factors, level of employees’ motivation than EI. Moreover the results of this study shows, there are no significant differences between EI of men and women. Although in those subscales associated with the social behavior (social awareness and social skills) women had higher scores than men. Generally, women are more aware of emotions, show more empathy, and have higher interpersonal communication skills.[3] As were discussed, in many of the previous studies, EI has been reported to be positively associated with performance. However, the results of the present research indicated that there is no significant relationship between the components of EI the performance of hospital managers. In other words, higher levels of EI did not lead to better performance in the hospital managers. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows managers in hospitals located in Tehran, had weak performance from their subordinates’ perspectives, and EI scores of managers were not in good condition. Moreover this research shows, unlike other related studies, there is no significant relationship between performance and EI of hospital managers. The effects of factors on the hospital managers’ performances should be assessed in more holistic point of view than considering EI as a determined factor on it.

Unjust Bomb :: essays research papers fc

Death is a reality. Men should be conscious of that reality. I say men, because the willingness to die for a cause is most likely inherent to our sex. We (the man) were hunters running after wily beasts, and nature most likely gave us the cruel gift to be contentedly conscious of our fate ( the jaws of the prehistoric predator before us!) If the soldier can imagine his enemy to be the beast, then perhaps he can die with this intrinsic honor. Throw total war away, leave the unprepared civilian be. The death of a civilian, bombarded by the atomic bomb is beyond all wrongs. The atom bomb is a manipulated force, the product of the human mind, misdirected to defile humanity and nature simultaneously. It gives the victims no time to prepare their life for their sudden exit, or worse, for a life tortured by atomic mutilation and shame. May a human be granted a death of peace, or at least, one of honor? The soldier has been forced to accept his role. He is fighting for his nation, against another nation, which is his enemy and he, perhaps, can perceive as evil. Perhaps he has considered his death. This will give him honor in that death, an otherwise empty destination. Let they who do not wish to be heroes or enemies, be. It is indeed morally wrong to end a war by killing civilians, regardless of whether their lives will save the lives of soldiers. To save our American soldiers these bombs were hurriedly created by physicists under the guidance of Oppenheimer. Later he would refer to it as the "scientist’s sin". Perhaps all of human civilization is an atom bomb. We harness nature, in order to destroy both it and ourselves. Yet nothing in our civilization is as overt as the atomic bomb. Who are these moralists? These moralists who bear objective truth? There is no truth? The atom bomb is natural? It is in our nature to destroy ourselves? So it is inevitable that we would forge the bomb, that our destructive nature would reach for the golden apple. But what is it? It’s a vile apple with worms and rot and dripping poison. We annihilated two cities filled with human civilians,( not living in a democracy, but

Environmental Impact Upon Health Essay

We humans have captured the environment to make our lives beautiful but through our activities and materialistic pursuits, we have made environment the biggest enemy of our health. We have ourself created an environment which has given us all leisures of life but on the other hand we have dug the walls of unhealthy livings also in it. In 1997, Department of Health Canada passed a report which stated: â€Å"The built environment is part of the overall ecosystem of our earth. It encompasses all of the buildings, spaces and products that are created, or at least significantly modified, by people. It includes our homes, schools and workplaces, parks, business areas and roads. It extends overhead in the form of electric transmission lines, underground in the form of waste disposal sites and subway trains and across the country in the form of highways. † (Hancock, 2000) In the contemporary society of today, built environment is the most crucial aspect of our lives. All over the world, more than 85 per cent of people are living in urban dewllings and 80 per cent of Europe and North America have urban population. These urban settlements are creating an adverse impact on the natural environment. They are using maximum amount of the world’s resources and in return are producing maximum waste from them. Even leRiche and Milner (1971) explained in â€Å"Epidemiology as Medical Ecology,† â€Å"One of the most striking changes in the ecology of man has been the growth of cities. † (Hancock, 2000) The WHO Expert Committee on Environmental Health in Urban Development (WHO, 1991) pointed that: In some respects, urbanization can itself be considered to be a key variable in the health equation: when the pollution produced by a densely packed population outstrips the natural absorptive capacity of the city’s ecosystem, adverse health effects can be increased where controls are lacking or unreliable. † (Hancock, 2000) Urban civilization cannot be termed as a natural ecosystem as it is completely built by humans encompassing almost whole globe in its vicinity and destroying the very concept of being â€Å"Natural†. It is a complex human ecosystem which constitutes both physical environment created by humans and the social, economic, cultural and political environments in which the humans survive. In North America itself, human beings spend around 90 percent of their time inside the four confines of their doors, another 5 per cent in their cars and remaining just 5 per cent outside. And outside too, they are spending maximum time in the vicinity of the built urban environment. It is a general trend of humans to consider the poor diet or just lack of exercise as an excuse for their bad health but they hardly consider the ill effect of the built environment with the housing characteristics, patterns in land use, transportation etc. It is evidently proved without doubt that when these different modes of our living standards are not created keeping the ecological balance into consideration, the ecosystem collapses (Jackson & Kochtitzky, Online Edition) which deteriorates our health causing stress, chronic diseases etc. The haphazard urban development leads to the climate and atmospheric changes, pollution and ecotoxicity, resource depletion and reduced habitat and bio- diversity. (Hancock and Davies, 1997) The subject that encompasses the link between these human endeavors and the public health is known as human ecology. This human ecology can provide integrative, holistic and radical perspective on health issues. (Hancock, 2000) Catalano in 1979 propounded that there is an utmost need that the health issues must take into consideration economic and social processes which shapes community, so as to prevent any spread of diseases. Hancock, 2000) The metapopulation theory gives an enduring account of urban ecosystems and the human aspect of the study of the urban systems can be done by the â€Å"human ecosystem model,† which deals with the social components which are the part of the human system and its connections to ecology. (Niemela, 1999) The Mandala of Health is a model, which establishes the relationship between the natural sciences and the social sciences and gives suggestion at every level of human activity corresponding to its environment. Hancock & Perkins, 1985) Another model, which has incorporated the most important characteristic of ecosystem, is a Butterfly Model of Health. In this model, health is related to societal, economical goals and patterns and biological resources for self-renewal. This model states that number of biophysical and socioeconomic holarchic environments represented by wings, which exert an influence on the health of any individual or whole population. There are number of biological and behavioral filters that engulf the human beings. The nature, people and these factors affect each other. People are considered as healthy when the two wings of the butterfly are in equitable balance within their own dimenisons. In other words, when the biological and other factors maintain equilibrium in nature, it will lead to the healthy individuals. (VanLeeuwen, Toews, Abernathy & Smit, 1999) Overall we can say that the health of the human beings is dependent on the health of the natural ecosystems and the planet. Therefore it is utmost necessary to keep the urban ecosystems healthy keeping in mind both its physical and social dimensions such as health of the population with regard to the mental well being, the social well being of the urban community with regard to their social and cultural aspects, the quality of different components that make the built environment, the quality of the environment in the vicinity of the urban sphere like clean air, clean water, soil, prevention of noise pollution and the urban ecosystem on the overall ecosystem of planet. Indicators of Population Health at the Community Level formulated a model known as the Healthy Community model. (Hancock, 2000) This model reflects on the environmental, social, economic, cultural and political factors that lead to the health of urban populations. There are three main parts, which make up the healthy community model. These are community, environment and economy, which in turn possess three qualities like livability, viability and sustainability. These qualities are related to our living styles and we humans have to make the best use of the available resources to maintain these qualities for our healthy lives. For e. g. Traffic causes respiratory problems because it causes air pollution and noise pollution. This healthy community model provides answer to the best way possible to control traffic. The theories and models show how we can maintain and improve human and ecosystem health, which will require changes in the way the urban settlements are planned, designed and worked upon. Canadian Public Health Association Taskforce on Human and Ecosystem Health in 1992 said in a report: â€Å"Human development and the achievement of human potential requires a form of economic activity that is environmentally and socially sustainable in this and future generations. † (Hancock, 2000) We cannot change the urban settlements but we can sort out ways by which we can reduce the pollution, and make our environment the most beautiful and healthy place to live in.

Gastornis (Diatryma) - Facts and Figures

Name: Gastornis (Greek for Gastons bird); pronounced gas-TORE-niss; also known as Diatryma Habitat: Woodlands of Western Europe, North America, and eastern Asia Historical Epoch: Late Paleocene-Middle Eocene (55-45 million years ago) Size and Weight: About six feet tall and a few hundred pounds Diet: Unknown; probably herbivorous Distinguishing Characteristics: Short, powerful legs and beak; squat trunk About Gastornis First things first: the flightless prehistoric bird we now know as Gastornis used to be called Diatryma (Greek for through a hole), the name by which it was recognized by generations of schoolchildren. After examining some fossil specimens unearthed in New Mexico, the famous American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope coined the name Diatryma in 1876, not knowing that a more obscure fossil hunter, Gaston Plante, had bestowed his own name on this genus a couple of decades earlier, in 1855, based on a set of bones discovered near Paris. With true scientific evenhandedness, the name of this bird gradually reverted back to Gastornis in the 1980s, generating almost as much confusion as the roughly contemporary switch from Brontosaurus to Apatosaurus. Naming conventions aside, at six feet tall and a few hundred pounds Gastornis was far from the biggest prehistoric bird that ever lived--that honor belongs to the half-ton Aepyornis, the Elephant Bird--but it may have been one of the most dangerous, with a tyrannosaur-like profile (powerful legs and head, puny arms) that demonstrates how evolution tends to fit the same body shapes into the same ecological niches. (Gastornis first popped up in the northern hemisphere about 10 million years after the dinosaurs went extinct, during the late Paleocene and early Eocene epochs). Even worse, if Gastornis was capable of pack hunting, one imagines that it could depopulate an ecosystem of small animals in no time flat! Theres a major problem with this pack-hunting scenario, however: lately, the weight of the evidence is that Gastornis was a herbivore rather than a carnivore. Whereas early illustrations of this bird depicted it munching on Hyracotherium (the tiny prehistoric horse previously known as Eohippus), a chemical analysis of its bones points to a plant-eating diet, and its massive skull has been reinterpreted as ideal for crunching tough vegetation rather than flesh. Tellingly, Gastornis also lacked the hooked beak characteristic of later meat-eating birds, such as Phorusrhacos, aka the Terror Bird, and its short, stubby legs would have been little use chasing prey through the rough underbrush of its environment. Aside from its numerous fossils, Gastornis is one of the few prehistoric birds to be associated with what appear to be its own eggs: shell fragments recovered from western Europe have been reconstructed as oblong, rather than round or ovoid, eggs measuring nearly 10 inches long and four inches in diameter. The putative footprints of Gastornis have also been discovered in France and in Washington state, and a pair of what are believed to be Gastornis feathers have been recovered from the Green River fossil formation in the western U.S. As prehistoric birds go, Gastornis clearly had an unusually widespread distribution, a clear indication (no matter the details of its diet) that it was well-adapted to its place and time.